Camera obscura or dark chamber, was the first stage of photography in Europe. Camera obscura was a box with no windows, but had a small hole for the lens. The camera obscura would take the image from outside and reflect back upside-down so that the artist could trace the image, and add minor detail later. In the 1660 this camera became portable.
Daguerreotype
This was one of the first forms of photography. Daguerreotype is made on a fixed silver plate, it was created by the chemical reaction of silver, iodine, and mercury vapour, after it was fixed by salt solution. The image would come out clear, but you can't make copies of it.
Talbotype/Calotype
In 1835 Talbotype/Calotype was a new posses the made a negative on paper treated with silver. Uncovered paper was placed on top of a second paper, and exposed to bright light making a positive. You are able to make copies of a single image, it was not as clear/visible as the daguerreotype method due to photo transfer.
Collodian Wet Plate Process
Collodian Wet Plate Process is the best out of the other techniques because it made a clear image that could be copied multiple times, to create an image they would get a clean glass plate that was covered with collodian. The plate must be dipped in silver nitrate solution then put into the camera and exposed, it must then be developed right away and left to dry. If dried before the process has been completed the the emulsion become hard, and ruin the photo.
Dorothea Lange
Dorothea Lange was born in 1895 and died in 1965 an photographer in Hoboken, New Jersey, she was well known for her depression-era work for the farm security administration.
Lewis Hine
Lewis Hine was a photographer and a sociologist that was born in 1874 and died in 1940. Lewis used his photography for social reform, he took photos to stop child labor.
Mathew Brady
Mathew Brady was one of the earlier photographer that took photos of the civil war, and was well known for it. He was born in 1822 and died in 1896.
Eadweard Muybridge
Eadward Muybridge was born in 1830 and died in 1904. He was well known for photographic studies of motion, and also some early work in motion-picture projection.